食生活の多様性とうつ病および自殺の有病率との関連 ―26年間の国際比較研究―

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the associations of dietary diversity with depression and suicide rates by an ecological analysis using 26-years worldwide statistics.Methods: Average food supply and energy supply by country, excluding loss between production and household, were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database (FAOSTAT). Dietary diversity scores were calculated from food group classifications. Age-standardized depression prevalence and suicide rates per 100,000 people by country were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 database. The association between food diversity scores and depression prevalence and suicide rates was analyzed by a mixed effects model controlling for covariates in 137 countries with populations of 1 million or greater.Results: A significant negative association was found in the analysis of the relationship between dietary diversity and the prevalence of major depression in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –225.6 (61.9), p < 0.001]. In addition, a significant negative association between dietary diversity and the suicide rate was also found in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –3.08 (1.50), p < 0.05].Conclusion: Dietary diversity was significantly negatively associated with the rates of major depression and suicide. Diets rich in foods may reduce the prevalence of depression and suicide rate.【目的】本研究は、26年間の世界的な統計を用いた生態学的分析により、食生活の多様性とうつ病や自殺率との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】生産と家庭間の喪失を除く国別平均食料供給量とエネルギー供給量を国連食糧農業機関統計局データベース（FAOSTAT）から入手した。食物群分類から食事多様性スコアを算出した。年齢標準化された国別の人口10万人当たりのうつ病有病率と自殺率は、Global Burden of Disease（GBD）2017データベースから取得した。人口100万人以上の137カ国を対象に、食品多様性スコアとうつ病有病率および自殺率との関連を、共変量を制御した混合効果モデルで解析した。【結果】食生活の多様性とうつ病の有病率との関係を分析したところ、すべての共変量を調整したモデルにおいて、有意な負の関連が認められた［β（se）＝－225.6（61.9）、p < 0.001］。さらに、食生活の多様性と自殺率との間の有意な負の関連も、すべての共変量を調整したモデルで認められた［β（se）= －3.08（1.50）、p < 0.05］。【結論】食生活の多様性は、うつ病および自殺の発生率と有意に負の関連があった。食物を豊富に含む食事は、うつ病や自殺を減少させる可能性がある

Development of Disaster Education Digital Material for Elementary Schoolchild: Fostering an Attitude of Subjective Behavior toward Earthquakes

This study developed the disaster education digital material for elementary schoolchildren, and examined the teaching effectiveness of this material. Eighty-five schoolchildren attended the class using this material twice, and did homework with their parents. Before and after the class, they answered the questionnaire to measure their learning effect (attitude toward subjective behavior, motivation toward disaster prevention action in cooperation with parents: both 3 items) and their evaluation of the class (3 items)．The results generally indicated that their attitude of subjective behavior, and their motivation toward disaster prevention action was higher after the education, and their evaluation of class were high. These results generally showed the effectiveness of this material. In future studies, generalizability of these results should be examined.研究ノー

Profound parental bias associated with chromosome 14 acquired uniparental disomy indicates targeting of an imprinted locus

Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) is a common finding in myeloid malignancies and typically acts to convert a somatically-acquired heterozygous mutation to homozygosity. We sought to identify the target of chromosome 14 aUPD (aUPD14), a recurrent abnormality in myeloid neoplasms and population cohorts of elderly individuals. We identified 29 cases with aUPD14q that defined a minimal affected region (MAR) of 11.2?Mb running from 14q32.12 to the telomere. Exome sequencing (n=7) did not identify recurrently mutated genes, but methylation-specific PCR at the imprinted MEG3-DLK1 locus located within the MAR demonstrated loss of maternal chromosome 14 and gain of paternal chromosome 14 (P&lt;0.0001), with the degree of methylation imbalance correlating with the level of aUPD (r=0.76; P=0.0001). The absence of driver gene mutations in the exomes of 3 individuals with aUPD14q but no known haematological disorder suggests that aUPD14q may be sufficient to drive clonal hemopoiesis. Analysis of cases with both aUPD14q and JAK2 V617F (n=11) indicated that aUPD14q may be an early event in some cases but a late event in others. We conclude that aUPD14q is a recurrent abnormality that targets an imprinted locus and may promote clonal hemopoiesis either as an initiating event or as a secondary change

坐骨結節部褥瘡に特異的に認められた不良肉芽の組織学的検討

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系金沢大学医学部保健学科褥瘡ケアチームが介入した坐骨結節部褥瘡患者3名において, 大小不同に突出する不良肉芽を認めた. これまでに, それら突出する不良肉芽に関する報告はなく, 今回はその形態学的特徴を明らかにし, 患者背景と併せて病態と原因を検討することを目的とした. 組織学的検索には, HE染色およびAzan染色を使用した. その結果, 組織学的には, フィブリン様浸出物や炎症性細胞主体の厚い膜様物と拡張した毛細血管, そして大量の炎症性細胞浸潤を3名に共通して認めた. また, 対象患者3名ともに, 日中の大半を車椅子上の座位にて生活していたことから, それら組織学的変化の要因は長時間の圧迫, 移動時の摩擦とずれが示唆された. 今後は, 坐骨結節部褥瘡患者に対して, さらに徹底した座位時の圧管理や姿勢保持を行う必要があると考える. 「はじめに」褥瘡は一定の場所に一定以上の圧力が加わり続けることにより, 局所皮膚の血流が途絶え, 阻血性の壊死が生じて発症する皮膚潰瘍である.In three patients with ischial pressure ulcers who were managed by the pressure ulcer care team of Kanazawa University, we observed unhealthy granulation tissues projecting from the bed of the ulcers. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports describing such granulation tissues. Thus, we investigated to clarify the cause of the development of such pathological granulation tissue based on histological findings and the lifestyles of the patients. For histological examination, we used H-E staining and Azan staining, which demonstrated a thick fibrinoid membrane, numerous inflammatory cells, and dilated capillary vessels in the granulation tissue. These three histological findings were common to all patients. Moreover, these patients sat in wheelchairs for very long periods daily. Therefore, the long-term pressure, shear, and friction from the wheelchair were suggested as factors contributing to such histological changes. These results indicate that we should more strictly manage the pressure and posture while sitting in patients with ischial pressure ulcer.日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.2